European CDR funding tracker

This project will propose feasible sets of policies leading to rapid abandonment of fossil energy in Switzerland in all areas: power, transportation, buildings and industry. We interpret the Federal Government's new climate policy goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 as implying essentially zero CO2 emissions from energy. We showed that the existing set of policies in the fields of energy, transportation, buildings, waste, etc. are not sufficient for full decarbonisation. The climate law in revision will not be sufficient either − hence the search for stronger and for novel instruments. These can be particularly effective and more acceptable if they are combined with a view to reinforcing their effects and conveying a coherent message to energy users. We will identify possible instruments and show how they can be combined to attain carbon-free energy in 2050.

A long-running government program that provides grants to private landowners (farmers and others) for afforestation on their lands. These Regional Afforestation Projects – often called “Landshlutaverkefni í skógrækt” – exist in all parts of Iceland (e.g. Suðurlandsskógar in the south, Vesturlandsskógar in the west, Héraðs- og Austurlandsskógar in the east, Norðurlandsskógar in the north, and Skjólskógar in the Westfjords ). Participants receive financial support and expert guidance to plant forests, with the aim of afforesting at least 5% of suitable lowland areas (<400 m elevation) in each region. The standard grant covers up to 97% of approved costs (saplings, planting, fencing, fertilizer, etc.), making it one of the most generous forestry grant schemes globally. Support is typically provided through multi-year agreements with annual planting targets. This program is a cornerstone of Iceland’s land-use climate strategy to sequester CO₂ in biomass and soil.

Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms that can sequester carbon dioxide from industrial emissions as well as nutrients from wastewater while producing large amounts of valuable biomass and compounds. The aim of the MIDAS consortium is to develop the use of microalgae cultivations for carbon sequestration from typical industrial gas mixtures as well as carbon dioxide emissions and nutrient discharge from recirculating aquaculture and, at the same time, concatenate microalgae-based services and processes, including production of biomass, valuable biomolecules and hydrogen gas. Efficient integration of processes through spectroscopy-based monitoring and process modeling is at the core of this research project. The MIDAS consortium combines expertise from microalgae biotechnology, recirculating aquaculture, sensorics and computational sciences to enhance the process integration and control and therefore promote microalgae technology’s contribution to the green and digital transition. The funding amounts to up to 2 million EUR per consortium.

The "Conference on Biochar and Pyrolysis: Decarbonization and Climate Protection in Switzerland" aims to disseminate knowledge about the various areas of application, address unresolved questions and strengthen the exchange between experts and interested parties. Local issues are linked to the national context so that ideas and solutions on the subject of biochar and pyrolysis can be developed across Switzerland.

Coordinated by E.ON Energy infrastructure AB. Carbon sinks are necessary to reach the Paris Agreement's climate goals and compensate for the emissions that are difficult to reduce fully. Bio-CCS is an important piece of the puzzle, where actors in Sweden have a unique position to contribute through our production facilities, distribution system for heat, and above all access to raw material as a residual flow from the forest industry. The overall goal of the project is to map the technical and economic conditions to enable the implementation of bio-CCS in a new bio-cogeneration plant in Malmö. Conversion from conventional cogeneration production based on bio & natural gas is a natural step in the Climate Contract signed by E.ON and the city of Malmö. The work includes the entire value chain, from capture to transport and storage. Implementation of bio-CCS at the facility has the potential to reduce biogenic emissions of CO2 by 260 to 450 kton/year after 2027, depending on the degree of realization. Implementation 2022-2023, internally and in collaboration with a technical consultant.

Lignin is an abundant souce of carbon, for which, despite its polymeric structure, there is no good method to valorize it to obtain fuel and or chemicals. We propose a unique new method to produce fuel. Through catalytic selective decomposition using newly composed nanocatalysts and the subsequent catalytic acylation using the fragments of fatty acids, a well-known green chemical that has become readily avialable recently a new fuel is obtained. By using non-noble metals as catalytic material and magnetic catalyst bodies to enable removal of the catalyst from reaction products, a new sustainable process of biomass to fuel will be developed. Exhaustive and sophisticated (in situ / operando) characterization will provide structure performance relations and aid the development of the new process. Grant number: 142227

The Paris Agreement’s highly ambitious temperature goal has been described as a great diplomatic success. Lately, however, the challenges associated with its fulfillment has become increasingly obvious. For each new year of global mitigation failure, the reliance on future supplementary measures increases. Still, very little is known of the detailed realities of negative emissions technologies (NETs) in different jurisdictions and for North-South relations as well as the performative effects of climate scenarios. Therefore, this project: 1) situates the more well understood potential for BECCS in Sweden with that of other NETs, 2) explores the potential role of NETs with substantial local co-benefits in Tanzania, 3) studies how climate scenarios are constructed by scientists and interpreted by policymakers, and 4) surveys ethical repercussions of deploying NETs at scales, especially those related to North-South relations, and how design of international policy could incentivize NETs responsibly. Decades of combined experience of studying NETs in the project team, combined with qualitative and quantitative methodologies with local to global reach – from using case studies and reopening field trials, via expert elicitations and policy analysis, to an international survey – will allow drawing empirically informed yet theoretically structured lessons on each of the research themes identified above as well as their interlinkages.

This project aims to evaluate various electricity generation portfolios for the Netherlands in 2050, focusing on CO₂ emissions, costs, and system adequacy. A key aspect of this assessment is determining the role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) within these future energy portfolios.

The "Digital Monitoring of CO2 Storage Projects" project focuses on developing advanced digital tools and techniques to monitor CO2 storage sites effectively. By leveraging real-time data, modeling, and simulation technologies, the project aims to enhance the safety, reliability, and efficiency of carbon storage operations. It seeks to ensure regulatory compliance and build stakeholder confidence in CO2 storage as a critical climate solution. The project addresses key challenges in site monitoring, including early detection of leaks and long-term storage performance.

The purpose of the project is to demonstrate a fully integrated and automated Welltech system for carbon capture directly from point sources. A demonstrator will be built at Greenfarm's biogas plant at Gråsten Landbrugsskole.

This is a £31.52 million programme assessing sustainable ways for large-scale removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. It is delivered by the Natural Environment Research Council, with the Arts and Humanities Research Council, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Economic and Social Research Council, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Innovate UK, the government’s Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Through the SPF, UKRI is investing £31.5 million in five GGR demonstrator projects and a central directorate hub. Within each of the funding allocations for the demonstrators, they each have flexi-funds to allocate funding to additional supplementary research projects.

The biological transformation to a sustainable bioeconomy, as defined in the state strategy for a sustainable bioeconomy for Baden-Württemberg, is an important element of social change towards a more sustainable economy. The aim is to use cross-sector biological transformation, i.e. the linking of biology and technology, to offer the economy solutions for a change away from the use of fossil or scarce resources towards the use of biologically recycled materials and their resource-efficient use. Carbon, as a chemical element in nature, biology and industry, plays a central role that cannot be substituted by other elements. However, the linear carbon economy is one of the main causes of climate change. In addition, the production of biomass is reaching its limits (area and water limitations). But it is precisely the diversity of organisms in nature that provides, in addition to plant photosynthesis, other approaches to using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to build complex organic carbon compounds, which can be used as raw materials for industry. This offers industrially scalable, area-independent solutions for a climate-neutral economy: Technologies are already available today that can recycle CO2 directly with sunlight or renewable energy.

The purpose of the area analysis Biogenic carbon flows with a focus on the wood industry is to describe the biogenic carbon flows from Swedish primary production to industry, society including reuse, recycling, export and import. A previously carried out area analysis has mapped the forest biogenic carbon flows, which is now supplemented with a detailed review of wood-using industry (as well as an area analysis of biogenic carbon flows from the agricultural sector).

The overall objective of the project is to provide top-class spatially explicit information on the potential for reaching carbon-neutrality in boreal landscapes and regions, considering sustainability issues and utilising and developing advanced digitally based technologies. Both anthropogenic and land-use based GHG-emissions are evaluated. The policy-relevant aim is to provide detailed spatial, scenario-based information at different scales for key end-users (e.g., communities, provinces, forestry districts, ministries). This information can be used for e.g., regional land-use and energy strategy planning/management, and sustainability assessment.

This project aims at experimentally studying a combined reactor for oxidative pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (wood and other sources). The objective is the simultaneous production of biochar (non-activated and activated) and the treatment of the syngas generated by volatile components in order to reduce its tar content. The gas quality should be sufficient to enable an efficient energy production by a conventional piston internal combustion engine, while recovering the heat produced.

The analysis should contribute to setting a vision that the bio-based production processes should be made carbon dioxide-free and prove what possible paths and measures exist to take steps in that direction. The goal is for every carbon atom to be useful and used in value-creating products. The area analysis must show the possibility of reaching the goal and identify the obstacles that need to be overcome. The project goal is to describe how carbon dioxide-free production could become a reality and create a collection of actors who together want to drive development in that direction.

Coordinated by Vattenfall AB. The project aims to improve the efficiency of the transport chain for liquid carbon dioxide from bio-CCS plants to storage sites by contributing to the development of a train loading and unloading station and combating climate change by reducing emissions to the atmosphere. The result will contribute to the necessary infrastructure for CCS purposes being developed at the time the Energy Agency's first reverse auction sets for commissioning. The project intends to carry out a technical system study to achieve a robust, efficient and sustainable logistics solution for carbon dioxide on railways. This can lead both to reduced costs for future projects and faster establishment of corresponding solutions for handling liquid carbon dioxide from cogeneration plant to storage site. The dissemination of results is primarily aimed at project developers of bio-CCS facilities. The project will be implemented by Vattenfall AB and Växjö Energi AB with the support of an externally hired technical consultant

Given the climate crisis we are facing nowadays, mainly due to the increase of the CO2 levels in the atmosphere, there is an urgent need to re-think and re-build our current carbon economy. Therefore, Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies come in handy to tackle climate change as they address all aspects of the carbon cycle.Seminars like the Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) on CCUS are of extreme importance as they promote the development and discussion of new or established technologies, which can help mitigate climate change. The GRS on CCUS is a multidisciplinary international scientific event designed by and for young researchers (Ph.D. students and post-doctoral researchers). It consists of a 2-day meeting and takes place on Saturday and Sunday (May 27 - 28, 2023) prior to the associated Gordon Research Conference (GRC), in Les Diablerets conference center, VD, Switzerland.The main goal of the meeting is to bring young and motivated researchers together to discuss cutting-edge ideas on their most recent findings regarding their “Innovative approaches towards a sustainable carbon economy”. Apart from the 12 scientific talks covering CCUS topics, there will be the chance for all attendees to present their work during the allocated times for the poster presentations, and interact with other international peers during the informal gatherins. The seminar aims at elucidating the existing challenges towards a more sustainable future and how these challenges could be addressed. Because this is often due to the difficulty of delivering CCUS technologies for large-scale deployment, our goal also resides in discussing the applicability of these methods at a large-scale.We believe we can make the most out of the seminar if students with different backgrounds and experience are able to join. We are therefore seeking a diverse representation of participants, not only in terms of gender and institution, but especially, in terms of their nationality. At international events, the presence of students from the global south (e.g., Africa, and South America) and Asia is often scarce as it is highly contingent on the success of funding. We would like to make this seminar available to all and be able to provide full support to these Ph.D. students and post-doctoral researchers from regions of the world that are typically underrepresented. We seek to have five participants from the regions mentioned above, who would be fully supported by the SNSF grant (travel, accommodation and living expenses). In addition, we would like to contribute to the travel or accommodation expenses of all remaining attendees to further reduce any constraints on attendance. All participants will have the possibility to evaluate the meeting. The GRC office will then make a report on the scientific quality of the seminar, which will be available to SNF, together with a financial and scientific report on the outcomes of the seminar.

Preparation funding is intended for companies preparing a large Innovation Fund project application. The funding amounts to 900000 EUR per year.

A project called “Karbon i jord”, led by Trøndelag County with Klimasats co-funding​, trialed methods to increase soil carbon on farms. This included cover cropping, reduced tillage, and applying biochar. As part of the project, Trøndelag even piloted a new subsidy scheme for farmers to reward building soil carbon (20 pilot farms in 2021–2022)​. Additionally, a pyrolysis unit was established at Mære agricultural school to produce biochar from local biomass.

This call funds innovation actions to develop biotechnologies utilising genetically engineered microorganisms to capture CO2 from the air and/or on-site plant emissions, converting it into nutrients for food purposes. It aims to scale up production and reducing atmospheric CO2. Expected €6,000,000 contribution per project

The project introduces a flexible solution to integrate the production of renewable fuel of non-biological origin (RFNBO) hydrogen, renewable e-methane, CO2-free district heating from waste heat and grid balancing services. eNRG Kotka is characterised by a replicable and scalable modular plant design, enabling rapid and cost-effective expansion on the Kotka project site and other Ren-Gas project locations across Finland and Europe. Over ten years, the project is expected to result in over 240% greenhouse gas (GHG) emission avoidance compared to the fossil fuel reference scenario.

Building a pilot plant in Ida-Virumaa to develop a novel process that converts oil shale ash waste into high-purity calcium carbonate and other reusable materials​. The circular technology mineralizes CO₂ from flue gases into solid carbonates (precipitated CaCO₃), thus permanently storing CO₂ while recycling industrial waste ash.

Led by Sizewell C alongside University of Nottingham, Strata Technology, Atkins and Doosan Babcock. Sizewell C, together with its partners, is developing a heat-powered direct air capture (DAC) technology that can in the future be scaled up and integrated with the Sizewell C power plant. The unique heat-powered DAC design will offer increased efficiency and less reliance on electricity compared to existing DAC technology. A future scaled-up implementation could contribute substantially towards the decarbonisation of difficult to decarbonise sectors and help the UK achieve its Net-Zero ambitions. For example, a larger DAC plant integrated with Sizewell C could utilise up to 400 megawatt thermal (MWth) of heat from the power plant to capture 1.5 million tonnes of CO2 per year which is enough to almost offset the UK’s entire emissions from railway transport.

Wood-chips, bark, screening residues from composting are being converted in a novel and clean pyrolysis process into biochar, power and heat. The gases released from pyrolysis are combusted in a lowcaloric- value gas burner and converted into electricity and heat with a hot-air turbine CHP unit. Applying the biochar non-energetic, as a soil enhancer in gardening or agriculture, the carbon remains stable for several thousand years and may thus represent a significant CO2 sink while providing benefits for the soils. Every kilowatt hour of useful energy generated reduces the carbon content of the atmosphere by -400 to -500 g CO2. Our targeted compact plant with only a 20-foot container footprint will process 2’400 t of residual biomass substrate annually. This covers an output of approx. 340 t of biochar as well as 400 MWh of electricity (50 kWe power) and up to 2’760 MWh of heat (345 kW). Let’s go climate positive!

The Carbon Farming project aims to facilitate climate-neutral food production in the North Sea region. This will be done by testing various forms of CS techniques (Adopting Carbon Sequestration).

The proposed study aims to conduct a feasibility study of a new proof-of-concept of direct air capture (DAC) for major cost reductions with potentials of energy autonomy. The specific objectives include: to validate a heat-driven DAC concept through small scale laboratory tests and process modelling; to evaluate and optimise the preparation and topology/morphology-controlled assembling of CO2 capture materials; and to perform a preliminary performance evaluation of the new DAC concept against existing DAC technologies based on published data.

The "CCS and ePower Systems - Integrated Offshore" project, led by Circular Energy BV, aims to explore the feasibility of producing green electricity offshore by integrating natural gas extraction with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The project involves converting extracted natural gas into electrical energy offshore, capturing the resulting CO₂ emissions, and injecting them back into the same gas field for storage. This integrated process is designed to feed electricity into offshore wind farm grids, enhancing the (financial) sustainability of offshore energy production.

To limit the consequences of global warming, it is imperative to drastically reduce worldwide CO2 emissions. Negative emission technologies (NETs) based on bioenergy can make an enormous contribution to this. Therefore, the Dec-NET project is developing a new concept for a coupled NET technology with a multifuel biochar combustion system for flexible biochar and heat generation from forestry and agricultural residues, and CO2 capture from the exhaust gas via calcium looping (TRL2), and is being experimentally investigated at the component level (TRL3). A consortium of three scientific and two industrial partners is involved in the development. The aim is to create a comprehensive concept for decentralized plants in the medium power range (0.5-3 MW). On the one hand, the combustion system should be able to operate in a demand- and seasonally optimized manner, producing both heat and biochar. On the other hand, biogenic residues should be utilized, thus laying the foundation for economically and ecologically sound plant operation. Carbon capture and storage are achieved through biochar production and CO2 separation from the exhaust gas using the calcium looping process. A key milestone in this project is the development of the calcium looping reactor, which will be implemented as a fixed-bed reactor for the first time, making it economically viable for decentralized biomass plants. To enable flexible biochar and heat production, an existing laboratory-scale multifuel biomass combustion system will be expanded to include a flexible pyrolysis gasification mode. Experimental test campaigns will first examine the combustion system and the calcium looping reactor individually in detail. Finally, a coupling of the two components will be implemented and tested on a laboratory scale. A techno-economic analysis will provide insights into the application possibilities and economic operation of the overall concept, as well as the utilization options for the biochar and CO2 products. Dec-NET, a decentralized, CO2-negative plant technology based on the valorization of biogenic residues for the flexible provision of heat, biochar, and CO2, along with concept studies for their storage and/or utilization, makes a significant contribution to achieving climate targets regarding CO2 emission reduction. The project enables Austria to expand its leading global role in bioenergy and to future-proof its position through the development of NET technologies and the production of biochar and bio-CO2.

The project investigates how carbon dioxide removal through carbon capture technologies (BECCS and DACCS) can be scaled up in the Nordic region by connecting technology, energy, and finance. It collaborates with key stakeholders and decision-makers to create new investment models that enable real and large-scale climate benefits.

Fencing off the Navalrey peat bog (Monte de Valsaín sector) to halt damage from free-ranging cattle and deer​. By excluding large herbivores, this project promoted regeneration of sphagnum mosses and other peat-forming plants, stabilizing the wetland. The action enhances the bog’s carbon sequestration capacity and resilience to drought, with clear adaptation and mitigation co-benefits.

XFuel is an innovative SME with R&D headquarters in Mallorca, Spain, with the mission to decarbonise the transport sector NOW. The transport sector is responsible for a quarter of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, rising to 30% by 2050, and needs to tackle decarbonisation with great urgency. While electrification is a critical step towards a more sustainable future, this approach is not feasible for all vehicles and segments, and much of the transportation sector will remain liquid fuel-dependent. In particular for the marine and aviation transportation segments, with a fuel market size of $380Bn, growing to $900Bn by 2030, will need to rely on sustainable fuels to meet the 2030 decarbonization targets. XFuel has developed proprietary breakthrough conversion technologies to produce high-grade transportation fuels with certified GHG saving (>80%) from fossil waste hydrocarbons or biomass. XFuel’s fuels are drop-in: compatible with fossil fuel specifications, combustion engines and infrastructure, allowing for direct replacement. The technology's feedstock flexibility allows large volumes of sustainable fuels to be produced. The cost effectiveness of the revolutionary low-energy conversion process makes it possible for the first time to sell low carbon fuels at fossil fuel market price, in this way disrupting the sustainable fuels market and addressing the enormous market opportunity of the global transportation fuels market. XFuel's commercial strategy is based on decentralised fuel production, building scalable biorefineries directly at the location of consolidated feedstock. XFuel will enter into joint ventures with feedstock providers and will close the value chain by closing sales agreements with off-takers. With fuel sales starting in 2027, XFuel is achieving a return on investment (ROI) 4 years after the start of the EIC accelerator project.

To achieve climate neutrality in 2050, it will be necessary to address hard-to-avoid emissions through CO2 capture and storage (CCS) and negative emission technologies (NET). CO2 emissions will have to be captured from major emitters, including waste incineration plants, chemical industries and cement plants, and then stored. In order to transport the CO2 (about 7.5 Mio. To/year) from the place of emission to the place of storage, a network is needed. The present study, led by the Swiss Association of Waste Disposal Facility Operators (VBSA / ASED / ASIR), examines the feasibility and costs of such an infrastructure. A possible network connecting 32 transmitters and two collection sites (Basel and Collombey) is studied. It consists of two main trunklines (east and west) with branches to the emitter's sites. Its total length is approximately 1,000 km. The initial investment required is estimated between EUR 2.7 and 3.1 billion and the operating costs are approximately EUR 200 million per year. In relation to the quantities produced, this corresponds to about 35 EUR/to CO2. The electrical energy required for CO2 compression is estimated at around 1.2 TWh/year. The study shows that such an infrastructure is technically feasible in Switzerland, although several points will have to be analyzed in detail later: in particular the crossing of agglomerations and lakes, as well as the surface area required for the compression units.

LINCCS is a collaborative project involving 15 companies, encompassing operators, the supplier industry, and research institutes. The project covers key elements of the value chain for CO2 capture, transport, and storage and is organized into four technical sub-projects: 1. Offshore CO2 capture – Compact solution with low operational costs – led by Equinor 2. Towards zero emissions in shipping – led by Wärtsilä 3. Reuse of resources on the continental shelf for CO2 storage – led by Aker BP 4. Large-scale, cost-optimized storage and injection systems – led by Aker Solutions Additionally, there is a non-technical sub-project that includes overarching management and administration of LINCCS, external communication, and alignment with the EU taxonomy – led by Aker Solutions.

In the “DurDekZem” project, cement manufacturer Holcim is conducting a feasibility study on a large-scale industrial scale to investigate the implementation of membrane-based CO₂ capture.

Led by Drax Corporation Ltd. This project aims to be carbon negative by 2030, reducing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 whilst generating clean, affordable renewable energy. In this programme, Drax will further develop biomass gasification as a future carbon negative technology. Gasification breaks down biomass into a gaseous mixture which can be processed and purified to produce a range of useful energy vectors, such as electricity, biofuels and hydrogen. Capturing and storing the residual biogenic CO2 emissions makes these energy vectors carbon negative. Drax will lead an innovation programme to develop effective gasification strategies. If proven successful, this technology could be scaled up to provide industrial level negative emission energy generation in line with the Climate Change Committee’s Sixth Carbon Budget advice to government.

Led by Mission Zero Technologies alongside consortium members Optimus (Aberdeen) and O.C.O Technology. Direct air capture (DAC) technologies are critical for net zero but are too expensive and have large energy footprints, holding them back from reaching the scales required. Mission Zero has developed a new DAC technology that, at scale, is projected to have 75% lower costs and energy footprints than today’s commercial solutions and is suitable for both carbon utilisation and sequestration (CCUS) use cases. With engineering support from Optimus, the project will design Mission Zero’s 365 tons a year pilot plant in Phase 1. This will integrate with O.C.O Technology’s CCUS process which stores CO2 permanently while producing building aggregates from waste.

Plants in wetlands combat climate change by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in the soil. In Denmark and Europe, large amounts of greenhouse gases are released from drained peatlands for the benefit of agriculture. Restoration of the former wetlands on non-profitable farmland taken out of service can stop it. The knowledge generated in this project can be used to map the importance of carbon charging in wetlands in relation to the water level, including in wetlands that are established on early agricultural land where drainage is abandoned. The goal is a more climate-friendly management of our nature via increased accumulation of carbon in the soil.

Focuses on improving Earth System Models to better predict climate change, including the impacts of land use scenarios related to carbon dioxide removal on regional climate cycles. €7,500,000 per project

Led by Lapwing Energy Limited assisted with research by University of Lincoln and the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Reverse Coal is a BECCS GGR modality that provides long term carbon sequestration through biofuel crop production whilst mitigating negative impacts of land loss on long term food security and abating carbon dioxide emission for UK peatland. Reverse Coal produces short willow coppice on rewet degraded peat soils, uses pyrolysis to produce biochar for long term storage (c. 670kg CO2e per year for each ha of biofuel crop grown) and the associated energy to power a highly productive vertical farm that produces food. Reverse Coal is unique, it stores carbon, abates carbon and generates food. Biochar generated in the process is stored in shallow layered deposits (aka Reverse Coal) that are rewetted to prevent oxidisation and permanently lock in and store carbon dioxide

The main goal of the HIILIPOLKU project is to create cooperation practices based on the partnership of different operators, which encourage forest owners and other local forestry operators to sequester carbon in forests. The carbon sequestration practices developed in the project also serve water protection and diversity, are based on researched information and are perceived as socially just and rewarding. The research produces a flexible, locally oriented carbon sequestration model and evaluates its applicability in forest counseling with a national co-development approach.

The project focuses on assessing the feasibility of implementing a large-scale CO2 capture and storage (CCS) system at the AEC Moerdijk waste energy plant. The project aims to investigate the technical, financial, and societal investments needed for a successful CCS demonstration project, targeting a capture capacity of 640 kton/year. The study will help AZN make an informed investment decision on advancing the "Project Capture" by mid-2028. The findings will guide the further technical and financial development of the project.

Including: -Hanson Padeswood Cement Works Carbon Capture and Storage Project -Viridor Runcorn Industrial CCS -Protos Energy Recovery Facility -Buxton Lime Net Zero -HyNet Hydrogen Production Plant 1 (HPP1)

The Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) and the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) are launching a new call for proposals for the SWEET funding programme. The topic is 'Addressing Hard-To-Abate Emissions to Reach the Net-Zero Target of Switzerland'. This concerns greenhouse gas emissions from industry, waste incineration plants and agriculture that are difficult to avoid. The call for proposals will run until 3 July. The call for proposals will be organised in two stages. Consortia can submit pre-proposals by 3 July. The two consortia with the highest-ranking pre-proposals will be invited to submit full proposals. One consortium will be selected for funding. Final results are still expected.

Led by Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd (CCC). This project aims to deliver a fully costed plan for a demonstrator capable of capturing CO2 from air and converting it directly into a mineral by-product with uses as construction materials using CCC’s CO2LOC carbon capture and mineralisation technology. Currently CO2LOC technology can economically capture industrial emissions with CO2 concentrations ranging from 0.75% to 15%. This project will enable CCC to investigate the feasibility of capturing CO2 at concentrations of CO2 found in air (0.04%). It will then develop a pilot design and a costed plan to build it and produce a model showing how it would scale to a full-sized plant capturing 50 kilotonnes of CO2 per year.

Understand the value of the environmental services across 30,000 ha of Essex. Generate the business case for Biodiversity Net Gain, carbon sequestration and flood risk management based on 4 pilot projects.

The main goals of the KolKom project are: 1) improve societal consensus on the effects of carbon compensation by evaluating alternative development paths of carbon compensation in Finland and their potential effects alongside the climate plan for the land use sector in accordance with the Climate Act, and; 2) by means of trainings, workshops and an information package, promote the knowledge of forest and rural advisers, landowners, carbon compensation companies and the state administration.

Objectives: The project will assess technology and economy issues for carbon capture deployment and scenarios for a decarbonised energy system in Denmark in 2045, where the need for carbon capture is assessed and related to an assessment of the amount of CO2 that potentially can be captured, discussing the feasibility and comparing the strategies of carbon capture through point source capture and direct air capture. The project will thus consolidate recommendations for how carbon capture can efficiently be system-integrated. Expected results: -Analyse the state of carbon capture; -Conduct GIS analyses of carbon capture in the energy system; -Assess the energy system's impact of carbon capture; -Assess the economic impacts of carbon capture technologies in the energy system.

This report is the result of a stakeholder risk dialogue on atmospheric greenhouse gas removal. Participants were invited from a broad range of institutions and include CDR practitioners, NGOs, federal offices and industry. The neutral and independent Risk Dialogue Foundation carried out the project between March 2018 and July 2019. The aim was to identify the current state of CDR options in Switzerland and identify recommendations for Swiss climate policy.

For Net Zero, additional and significant actions will now be required on storage capacity from all actors. A narrative compilation will be produced, estimating the bottom-up effort required to make ready storage gigatonnes for the UK, and North Sea as predicted by bottom-up modellers, and compared to the top-down policy-pull requirements.

For the first time, the CLIMIT programme has earmarked funds for carbon removal projects (CDR). The CLIMIT programme will be able to support industrial projects and research projects in collaboration with industry in the following themes: -BioCCS; -Biochar/biochar with a focus on long-term storage for industrial and possibly agricultural use; -DAC with CCS; -Enhanced Mineralization by injecting CO2 into the bedrock; -Development and evaluation of methodologies in line with EU regulations – to clarify whether a project contributes to carbon removal, such as LCA (Life Cycle Analysis), TEA (Techno-Economic Analysis) and MRV (Measurement/Monitoring-Reporting-Verification); -Applicants are encouraged to explore the possibility of establishing Nordic or international collaborations with industry and/or recognised research institutions.

The research and development platform designed in the project will reduce the costs of CCU, primarily by process improvements. It will help to leverage economy of scale and therefore create an economically viable and attractive set of BECCUS technologies. These next-generation CCU technologies will integrate better with fluctuating energy and CO2 availability. Expected results Design and plan a test platform for BECCUS technologies on pilot scale (50 kW biomass heat output). Upscale electrolyzer cells for ethylene production. Create a digital twin of the flexible BECCUS process. Digitally optimize and scale up BECCUS processes. Optimize process economics given fluctuating conditions e.g. heat demand (varies seasonally) and electric grid balancing (varies hourly/daily).

In-depth environmental studies for bioCCS at Igelsta" is the next step in the development towards sequestering and storing biogenic carbon dioxide from the Igelsta combined heat and power plant (IKV). In the preliminary study (P 51409-1) it was shown that it is feasible to build bioCCS at Igelsta and in the system study (P 51409-2) a concept solution was proposed. In the next phase, the impact on the existing process and surrounding environment that the chosen concept solution has is investigated. The project aims to produce a knowledge base and investigate issues based on results from the preliminary study and system study. The project is expected to be the last step before a FEED. The project's results are the investigations required for the next step in project development. This means pre-design of the facility, integration with existing process, associated permit processes including risk assessments, business model and communication necessary for the implementation. The project includes the amount of negative emissions that was decided in the previous phase, approx. 500,000 tonnes/year.

The members of Klimatkommunerna are leading the local transition towards a fossil free future.Physical infrastructure, transport and building measures are combined with efforts to influence inhabitants´ behaviour toward a more sustainable development.

Croatian Agency for SMEs, Innovations and Investments (HAMAG-BICRO) in Croatia is funding organisations collaborating on international R&D projects. Submit an R&D project application for this Eureka network R&D projects funding opportunity between 25 Nov 2024 and 28 Feb 2025. Your R&D project must include at least two organisations/companies based in at least two Eureka countries.

Phase I - CDRTerra project: The STEPSEC project focuses on advancing carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies through innovative soil management practices. By combining various methods, such as the application of biochar and the optimization of soil conditions, the project aims to enhance soil carbon sequestration, improve soil health, and increase agricultural productivity. The initiative also emphasizes integrating these practices into existing agricultural systems to maximize their effectiveness and sustainability.

Phase I - CDRTerra project. Focused on potentials of agroforestry and decision making.

The aim of the group is to develop a world leading, truly sustainable Cluster benefitting the societal, economic and energy needs for now to 2050, and beyond. This will include circular economy innovations, energy efficiency, carbon dioxide avoidance, creating a Hydrogen economy, Carbon Capture Usage and Storage (CCUS) and low carbon power generation.

Innovation Fund 2024 Net Zero Technologies – General decarbonisation – Small-Scale Projects

In order to burn a fuel you have to supply oxygen which is usually done with a flow of air. However, since the main fraction of air is nitrogen this results in off-gases that also contain large quantities of nitrogen. A way to get around this problem is to instead supply the oxygen via a solid metal oxide, or oxygen carrier, which can readily be separated from the gas stream, hence providing nitrogen free off-gases. Part I of this project will investigate if oxide scales and other waste material can be used as oxygen carriers to enhance combustion, reforming, gasification and in CO2-capture from biomass. Part II of the project will investigate how to treat depleted oxygen carrier in order to reuse them as oxygen carrier or as raw material in the metallurgical industry.

The specific target of CATCO2RE is to investigate the conversion of CO2 to solar fuels (methane and methanol) integrating new developments in the production of solar hydrogen, with the design and synthesis of selective catalysts active at milder reaction conditions, and effective CO2 capture and purification technologies. We divide our research goals into two categories: Design and build a functional lab scale prototype for the conversion of sunlight and CO2 to methane. The prototype reactor will combine solar hydrogen generation (WP1, KU Leuven), use the produced H2 to hydrogenate CO2 to methane (WP3, UGent and VITO), and capture/separate the CO2 (WP2, VUB and VITO). The construction of an integrated prototype will allow to study the effect of integration on the performance, the effect of impurities in the produced H2, the effect of intermittent operation, the heat integration between CO2 capture/separation and exothermic methanation. The construction of a prototype will be supported by a techno-economic evaluation (WP4 VITO). The goal is to achieve a functional prototype within 3 years. Key research challenges and scientific breakthroughs for every work package: WP1: H2 production from solar energy: Design and construct a solar hydrogen panel that produces hydrogen from sunlight and air-borne water vapor. Integrate this panel with a CO2 reduction unit to produce solar fuels. Direct electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methane of methanol in solar fuels panel WP2: CO2 Capture and Separation: Design of structured sorbents to selectively adsorb CO2. Different systems for advanced desorption of CO2 (including Electrical Swing Adsorption) will be developed to obtain high global efficiency. Vito: shaping of catalyst and sorbent materials into periodic porous structures by 3D printing and coating. WP3 Catalytic CO2 hydrogenation: Design a catalyst to selectively hydrogenate CO2 to methanol which is active at lower temperatures than the state-of-the-art CuZnO, approaching the activity of homogeneous Ru complexes. We will combine first principles modeling with experimental validation.

The CCS Supply Chain roadmap suggests how government and industry could work together to harness the power of a strong, industrialised UK CCUS supply chain while ensuring that the CCUS sector as a whole remains investible, cost-effective and focused on delivery. It is organised across 4 cross-cutting activities: 1. Supply chain mapping; 2. Capability development; 3. Skills and innovation; 4. Finance and trade. The former section stresses the role that other government bodies, UK Export Finance in particular, may play in enabling CCUS development.

CCS is an instrumental method for reducing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases and an integral part of global energy and climate policy.In this VR project we will - through collaboration with some key EU funded projects – address one of the main CO2 trapping mechanisms, the residual trapping and its scale dependence.

Grow environmental services delivery among small woodland owners. Develop a Forestry Stewardship Council Ecosystem Services standard so Corporate Social Responsibility buyers can look to buy environmental credits with confidence.

Expected results: 1. Model the thermodynamics of DAC processes. 2. Analyse the energy system impacts. 3. Investigate the social acceptance and economic consequences of direct air capture.

The objective of the UTOPIA project is to develop methods to support stakeholders in implementing climate smart forestry, which advances carbon neutrality but also considers financial objectives. In the analysis, a landscape is composed of holdings and holdings are composed of stands. Holdings have typically different owners that have different preferences about what kind of management is practiced in their stands. We focus on supporting decision making in this setting and finding the most preferred solution among multiple conflicting objectives. The research is implemented in the Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of Helsinki and University of Jyväskylä. The funding amounts to up to 2 million EUR per consortium.

This project explores the integration of biomass energy production with carbon capture and utilization technologies. It aims to develop a sustainable system for generating renewable energy while capturing and repurposing CO2, reducing emissions and enhancing resource efficiency. This initiative supports the transition to a circular economy and contributes to climate goals by demonstrating the feasibility of combining bioenergy and carbon capture on an industrial scale.

Developing a hedgerow carbon code to support habitat enhancement activities and measurement of carbon sequestration. The project will include field trials leading to the development of a verification code, and determine the potential for enabling farmers to increase the amount of carbon stored in their hedgerows and trade carbon credits.

Transformation of Place des Villes Jumelées into a semi-green, permeable “sponge city” space. Soil and vegetation will absorb rainwater and CO₂, contributing to urban carbon drawdown and climate resilience​.

Create Woodland Carbon Code-verified opportunities for universities to deliver their Net Zero aims based on university-owned land. A business case will be written and the learning made available to the university sector.

Through half-yearly network meetings for all network participants, as well as smaller themed meetings during the year, SoliC-net must deal with three general themes: -Carbon modeling (how can you put numbers on how much carbon is in the soil?); -Conversion to CO2 equivalents (once you have got the coal in the ground, how is it converted to CO equivalents, and how do you calculate the climate effect on an annual basis?); -The potential (what is the potential across the entire food sector and for the whole of Denmark?).

Coordinated by Royal Institute of Technology. The project examines the conditions for developing an integrated Nordic market for bio-CCS. Such a market would create the conditions to increase the exploitation of the potential for the separation of biogenic carbon dioxide which is primarily found in Sweden and Finland. It would also make it easier for individual Nordic countries, and the Nordics as a region, to reach set targets for net zero emissions of greenhouse gases. The project will examine how Article 6 of the Paris Agreement can be operationalized regionally in the Nordic region. If a Nordic framework based on Article 6.2 is introduced, so-called ITMOs (internationally transferred mitigation outcomes) can be issued and the outcome of bio-CCS thus transferred from an implementing country to another country that pays for ITMOs. The paying country can then credit the outcome against its own emissions target. The project is carried out by a research team with qualified knowledge of bio-CCS and the cooperation mechanisms of the Paris Agreement, which is supported by a broad group of stakeholders from Nordic business.

This topic refers to projects for studies contributing to the preparation of the implementation of a PCI or a PMI. Studies in the meaning of CEF-Energy include activities needed to prepare project implementation, such as preparatory, mapping, feasibility, evaluation, testing and validation studies, including in the form of software, and any other technical support measure, including prior action to define and develop a project and decide on its financing, site / route identification and preparation of the financial package. Only projects contributing to PCIs and PMIs as identified in the First Union list of PCIs and PMIs list shall be eligible for support through EU financial aid in the form of grants. Pursuant to Article 18 of the TEN-E Regulation, PCIs or PMIs falling under the energy infrastructure categories set out in Article 24 and Annex II of the TEN-E Regulation are eligible for EU financial assistance in the form of grants for studies.

Funds research and innovation to develop methodologies for measuring, monitoring, and assessing the performance of grassland farming systems. It focuses on sustainable management practices that enhance carbon sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and improve overall ecosystem services. Expected €8,000,000 contribution per project

Large R&D efforts have been directed towards studying pyrolysis processes for biooil production and upgrading to transportation fuels. Even though there is a lack of studies considering the integration of different processes/technologies for producing clean hydrogen for the hydrodeoxygenation step for bio-oil upgrading. The project aims at developing and strengthen knowledge about production of biofuels via biomass feedstock pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation, including various hydrogen sources, to produce stable bio-oil that can be further upgraded in existing refinery plants to gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Four different process routes, including also the refinery and CCS (when relevant) will be investigated. Key performance indicators associated with energy and economic performance and important insights on opportunities and constraints of possible utilization and integration of process routes in existing infrastructure will be provided.

CATO brings both Dutch and international stakeholders together on research related to CCS. It builds on the legacy of the CATO1 and CATO2 research programs. CATO is an abbreviation of “CO2 Afvang, Transport en Opslag” (CO2 capture, transport and storage). The CATO program offers project developers in the space of CCS, CCU or CDR a place to display their results and to interact with other researchers and developers. In November 2014, the third phase of CATO started.

Ionic-liquid-enhanced membrane reactor for industrial CO₂ capture from emissions

This project aims to unlock the potential of carbon storage through mineralization by unraveling the dissolution and crystallization mechanisms in carbonation reaction.The carbonation of natural silicates and industry byproducts holds promise for storing CO2, even surpassing emissions from complete fossil fuel combustion, which also produces eco-friendly cementitious materials.

The Moonshot program is a flagship Flemish initiative (2019–2040) to accelerate industrial innovation for a carbon-neutral, circular economy by 2050. Backed by the Flemish government at ~€20 million per year, it funds breakthrough R&D projects at universities, knowledge institutes, and industry, aligned with four thematic “Moonshot Research Paths”: (1) bio-based chemistry, (2) circular carbon in materials, (3) electrification & radical process transformation, and (4) energy innovation. Many Moonshot projects focus on cutting industrial CO₂ emissions or valorizing CO₂. For example, projects launched in 2021 include CO₂ conversion technologies (turning CO₂ into chemicals) and innovations in carbon circularity. Moonshot supports both Early-Stage Innovation (ESI) and Later-Stage Innovation (LSI) projects, bridging TRL 3–8. While the program’s scope is broader than CDR (encompassing overall emissions reductions), several funded topics contribute to CDR indirectly – e.g. CO₂ utilization, carbon capture in industry, biochar production, and bio-based alternatives. The Call 2025 places an increased focus on larger-scale (LSI) projects with a dedicated €6 M budget for them. Moonshot calls typically open annually; the 2024 call supported 10 new projects, and the 2025 call launched on 18 Dec 2024 for proposals from knowledge institutes (deadline Feb 2025).

Business Finland is launching a supplementary RRF call for projects that promote the development of low-carbon hydrogen production and storage as well as carbon capture and utilisation. The funding call is part of Finland's Recovery and Resilience Plan, which is Finland's national plan for utilising the EU's Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) funding. Aim of the funding The funding aims to promote the development of clean hydrogen production and storage on a commercial scale. The funding will be allocated to investments or research and product development projects related to the hydrogen value chain as well as carbon capture and storage. With this aid, Finland is expected to promote (i) the production of low-carbon “green” hydrogen to replace fossil fuels in heavy industry, (ii) carbon capture, storage and utilisation, and (iii) hydrogen-related research. In this call, Business Finland’s funding is allocated to: Research and development projects that promote (i) the production of low-carbon “green” hydrogen to replace the use of fossil fuels in heavy industry, and/or (ii) carbon capture, storage and utilisation. Business Finland may, among the applications to be assessed in this call, also take into account applications submitted for the Hydrogen IPCEI 2021 funding call that ended on 4 July 2021 and were approved by the Commission in its IPCEI assessment if they meet the criteria of this call. The funding for the call will be allocated to projects in the first industrial deployment phase of IPCEI projects. The applicant must submit a new application to Business Finland for the implementation of the first industrial deployment phase of the IPCEI project.

The purpose of the project is to develop a solution that is both technically possible on a large scale and economically attractive to collect CO2 directly from the air. When such a technology succeeds, it can significantly reduce the future risk of CO2 shortages for PtX purposes.

The goal is to afforest approximately 27,000 hectares of agricultural land, including the creation of new forests, shelterbelts, and urban mini-forests. The program offers 100% funding for planting and maintenance activities. Additionally, landowners receive a "carbon sequestration premium" of €456 per hectare per year for 20 years.

The project will develop new products from kelp, based on climate-friendly value chains, in four market areas: Food ingredients, animal feed, biodegradable plastic substitutes and fertilizer/biochar. Led by SINTEF Ocean.

Eksfin and SIVA support for industrial scale-up and financing of carbon removal technologies.

Funds research to improve the scientific understanding of current and emerging threats to ocean health, including the impacts of "technologically enhanced ocean carbon uptake" and "ocean climate interventions," to define safe operating spaces and inform decision-making regarding the ocean-climate-biodiversity-people nexus.

Although basalts have shown promising potential for secure and permanent storage (removal) of CO2, there is still uncertainty in which reactions will take place and their timescales.

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Negative emissions (or ‘carbon removal’) have become a mainstay of climate mitigation pathways and are gaining increased attention from public and private actors. One concern with this is the mitigation deterrence effect, meaning the risk that the promise of future negative emissions will deter emission reductions in the present.

Expected results Combine machine learning techniques on satellite / aerial images with topographical data and monitored data. Quantify the modelled direct and indirect effects of the existing carbon hotspots. Simulate potential upscaling scenarios. Provide a road map on how to apply and/or scale up blue carbon capture.

Klark is a climate-neutral concrete that compensates for CO2 emissions by adding biochar (>80% carbon). The project lays the scientific foundations for the use of various biochars as concrete additives, thus enabling Klark to be scaled up.

Production processes for bio jet fuels often have limited carbon efficiency. Requirements for resource efficiency are expected to require high carbon utilization and/or negative CO2 emissions for a technology to be legitimate and competitive in the long run. This project makes a systematic evaluation of the possibilities of increasing utilization of biogenic carbon of the raw material through an increased yield of carbon in bio jet fuel and/or storage of carbon. Various technologies are evaluated for carbon efficiency, climate and costs, with/without CO2 capture and use (BECCU) or storage (BECCS). Storage can give the opportunity for CO2 negative fuels, which can compensate for high altitude effects. The overall project goal is to develop a knowledge and decision basis to support the development towards a sustainable aviation sector with regard to both R&D and commercial implementation technology. The project is an extension of an ongoing project that studies road transport.

Phase I - CDRTerra: The DACCUSS-Pre project explores the use of an innovative lightweight material, composed of hard rock, carbon fibers, and biochar, for capturing and permanently storing carbon dioxide (CO₂). This approach aims to enhance long-term carbon fixation.

The project aims to produce biocarbon at an industrial scale from wood waste and low-value biomass, using a combination of pyrolysis and agglomeration technologies. The resulting biocarbon will be used as an alternative to fossil reductants in the metallurgical industry to produce critical raw materials such as silicon and manganese. Over its first ten years of operation, the project is expected to avoid 415 kt of CO2 emissions, enabling a 100% GHG reduction compared to traditional coal alternatives.

The main objective of the CTS is to demonstrate the techno-economic feasibility of direct CO2 injection from ships into offshore geological storage sites (or 'storage'), to open up additional CCS potential by increasing flexibility and versatility in the CCS value chain, reducing costs and demonstrate storage potential in the four defined regions: the North Sea, the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic coast of Portugal. The project will help speed up the development of CCS within the European community and enable industry to meet the targets for CCS presented by the European Commission on 16 March as part of the Net Zero Industry Act. Once the project is completed, it is expected that solid techno-economic scenarios will have been developed, commitment from various stakeholders in capture, transport and storage in the relevant regions and prepared a foundation for the entire CCS value chain, including direct injection from ship as a valid technical and economic alternative for the selected areas, but also with a clear vision for the necessary next steps towards making the technology globally applicable.

For projects that don't match the EIC Accelerator topics, the EIC Accelerator Open is open to proposals in any field of technology. The overall budget for the EIC Accelerator Open in 2025 is €384 million.

A novel process concept is developed to integrate CO2 capture and methanation in the Belgian energy system, using the available infrastructure and the planned hydrogen backbone of Belgium. The fundamental challenges at the system, the materials and the reactor design for the use and production of climate-neutral syn-methane in the Belgian energy system are investigated, and the potential for the proposed process concept to lower grid balancing costs and improve security of supply in Belgium is analysed.

With the green transition, the demand for metals is increasing. Now researchers at Luleå University of Technology will investigate whether typical Swedish mine waste from metal extraction can be switched up, from being something we want to get rid of, to actually benefiting the climate. Mine waste from Boliden, LKAB, and Copperstone Resources is to be tested for its ability to accelerate the capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CCS) emitted by industry. Tests must also be carried out on the mining waste's capacity to capture historical carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, using direct air separation (DAC).

Re-Tyre CO2 introduces an innovative, low-carbon technology to recycle end-of-life tyres. The new facility will be a state-of-the-art pyrolysis plant able to transform such tyres into aviation fuel, recycled carbon black, and gas (used to power the plant itself). Re-Tyre CO2 is expected to achieve a 117% relative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions avoidance compared to the conventional production and combustion of aviation kerosene and the traditional virgin carbon black production methods.

Tate and Lyle Ltd is leading a consortia of 3 organisations to carry out a study of the application of advanced cryogenic carbon capture to a smaller scale and dispersed industrial site. Working with engineering consultants Fichtner and specialist decarbonisation company PMW Technology, Tate & Lyle Sugars is studying the feasibility of using an innovative, low temperature, physical separation carbon capture process known as ‘A3C’ to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions by up to 90% at its refinery in Silvertown, London, The study will also assess use or disposal of the carbon dioxide captured on site. For example, transfer by ship to one of the proposed industrial carbon capture clusters that will inject the gas into former gas fields beneath the North Sea. PMW Technology will bring its expertise in industrial carbon capture technology to assess the feasibility of the use of the advanced A3C cryogenic carbon capture process to the Silvertown refinery. This novel process cleans and then chills the flue gases to separate the carbon dioxide as a frost. The carbon dioxide is recovered and liquefied for storage, use or export. Fichtner will work with Tate & Lyle Sugars and PMW Technology to assess the technical and commercial feasibility, risks and uncertainties of the application of the A3C carbon capture process to the Silvertown refinery and for potential adoption at other similar industrial sites - especially those at a small to medium scale and not located in one of the established industrial clusters. The project has been awarded a grant worth £85,512 by the IETF for project costs totaling £149,424.

The project aims to demonstrate the first-of-a-kind electrified steam methane reforming (eSMR) technology at an industrial scale, incorporating it in a bio-methanol plant. The reactor will sustainably produce syngas by utilising biogas or biomethane and CO₂ as feedstocks and electrical energy instead of thermal energy produced by fossil fuels. The syngas can then be used to produce chemicals like methanol, ammonia or hydrogen. The project will produce 150 tonnes of methanol per day, equivalent to more than 50,000 tonnes per year. This will lead to a 95% avoidance of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to the reference scenario.

Wetting of drained organic low-lying soils is a central tool in the nature-based solutions to lower the emission of greenhouse gases and nutrients from agriculture. Low-lying soils are a decisive element in solving increasing environmental challenges in the form of global warming, eutrophication and loss of biodiversity. However, it is difficult to restore low-lying soils with a climate-related goal in mind, as there is a lack of knowledge about how different wet laying strategies under Danish conditions affect greenhouse gas emissions. In ReverCit, we will study the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loss by a new and so far untested wet laying strategy called "topsoil removal". Removal of the top layer of soil occurs before wet laying and we expect a greater effect of wet laying compared to the most used strategy, which only increases the groundwater level, as the most reactive part of the soil from the previous agricultural operation is removed. To test this, in an interdisciplinary field experiment we will link microbial activity in peat with biogeochemistry, greenhouse gases and hydrology by taking soil and water samples, measuring greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient export with techniques that capture spatial and temporal patterns. In ReverCit, we expect to achieve a fundamental understanding of the biological and hydrological processes in wet-laid lowland soils with and without topsoil removal, which will be used to assess the pros and cons of this new and potentially more sustainable wet-laying strategy.

Rolls Royce plc and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) (Australia) are combining world leading capabilities to enable the widespread, low-cost removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The ENCORE system uses a low regeneration temperature, highly durable and non-toxic absorption liquid technology, coupled with engineering expertise, to provide a highly efficient and flexible product.

Led by Rolls-Royce and The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), based in Australia. Rolls-Royce in partnership with CSIRO, based in Australia, are developing a world-leading, efficient and cost-effective system capable of removing carbon dioxide from the air. CSIRO, who have many years of experience in CO2 capture, and whose world-leading amine technology has already been commercialised for flue gas capture, are now looking to take on the challenge of direct air capture. With over 100 years of experience in technology commercialisation, Rolls-Royce is committed to using its full engineering, aerothermal, systems, manufacturing, supply chain and certification expertise to scale up and production use these DAC systems. The project will deliver a pilot system in the U.K., capable of removing over 100 tonnes of CO2 per year from the atmosphere.

We aim at enabling the efficient generation of emission-free hydrogen (H2) as a transport fuel by coupling the H2 production with the separation of CO2 directly. Additionally, we will advance sustainable geoenergy processes with characterization, risk mitigation, and public perception work, whose achievements will co-benefit the fields of geothermal energy, seasonal (hydrogen) gas and heat storage, as well as CO2 sequestration. By using biomass as a feedstock to such process or by capturing CO2 from the air, net-negative CO2 emissions are achieved, which are envisaged to compensate unavoidable emissions from other sources in an economic way. The activities include the analysis of business opportunities and obstacles as well as the development of a holistic H2-CCS-chain modelling tool that allows assessing different technology options based on a life-cycle impact analysis.

Coordinated by Växjö Energi Aktiebolag. The project Carbon Network South Sweden (CNetSS) aims to present one or more sustainable and cost-effective system solutions for a regional carbon dioxide infrastructure in Southern Sweden for final geological storage. The long-term impact goal is to increase the potential for emission reduction and negative emissions through regional collaboration around transport, liquefaction and intermediate storage of carbon dioxide in southern Sweden. The system must be open to third-party access to further increase cost-effectiveness and the potential for emissions reduction and negative emissions in the long term. CNetSS is a first feasibility study carried out jointly by Växjö Energi (project manager), Copenhagen Malmö Port, E.ON, Höganäs, Kemira, Kraftringen, Nordion Energi, Stora Enso, Sysav and Öresundskraft. Together, they represent actors from different parts of the infrastructure chain; emitters of carbon dioxide, logistics companies and port operators. Several of the companies already have timed plans for the implementation of CCS.

Biochar, a carbon-rich product that is manufactured by thermal decomposition of organic material under a limited oxygen supply (pyrolysis) has a long tradition as a soil amendment in tropical agriculture. More recently it has attracted interest because of a number of hypothesized positive environmental impacts including efficient soil carbon sequestration and improved crop yields. A relatively recent albeit frequent observation relates to lowering nitrous oxide and partially also carbon dioxide emissions from biochar-amended soil. The current debate on environmental benefits and possible drawbacks of biochar application in agriculture is still based on weak ground regarding the duration of experiments and their representativeness regarding framework conditions such as climate, agronomy, or soils. Still many of these findings are based on artificial, lab-scale experiments. In this project we will test the following hypotheses on how biochar may reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, particularly N2O, and influence crop yields: immobilization of mineral N reduces N availability for nitrifiers and denitrifiers increased plant N uptake and crop yield reduce N availability for N2O production increased soil pH leads to a systematic reduction in potential N2O emissions The project is centered around two field experiments: 1 A lysimeter study with two different annual crops running over two years includes two soils with eight replicates each and will use biochar and double-labeled mineral fertilizer (15NH415NO3) to measure 15N2O and 15N in plants, soil, water, and biochar to determine biochar effects on N2O emissions, immobilization, plant uptake, and leaching. It will allow us to study if biochar changes mineral N availability and if this depends on soil type. Manual static chambers will be used for GHG measurements. 2 Biochar will be applied to an annual crop in the field on agricultural soil with pH 6.3 and GHG fluxes will be measured in comparison to a control and to plots limed to the same pH as the biochar plots. Automated chambers will be used for GHG measurement and arranged in a randomized block design. The experiment will allow to distinguish effects induced by biochar from those related to soil alkalinity alone. As the lysimeter study, it will also provide information on eventual changes in crop yield associated with biochar application. In addition to GHG measurements biochar will be retrieved from soil samples during the experiment to study possible compositional changes and adsorption of labeled N. The research will provide substantiated and quantitative understanding of important mechanisms involved in effects of biochar application on agricultural GHG emissions. It will evaluate whether results from lab-based experiments are applicable to field conditions. Most importantly it will help to decide whether biochar application is worth considering a GHG mitigation option in agriculture of temperate regions. Grant number: 140448

The Credit Guarantee Scheme for SMEs (BMKB) is a Dutch government initiative designed to assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that lack sufficient collateral to secure loans. Under this scheme, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy provides a partial guarantee to lenders, encouraging them to offer credit to eligible businesses. BMKB is for enterprises, general partnerships, and one-person businesses that have: no more than 250 employees or fte; and a yearly turnover of up to 50 million euros; or total assets of up to 43 million euros. Enterprises with credit needs of up to 266,667 euros can finance three-quarters of the amount with BMKB. Enterprises with credit needs exceeding 266,667 euros can finance no more than 50% of the amount with BMKB. The maximum amount of BMKB credit has been raised to 1.5 million euros for now. The total budget for BMKB is: 1350 million euros for banks 150 million euros for non-banking financiers.

The hub will coordinate environmental, economic, social, cultural, risk perception and communication, ethical, legal and governance issues. It will have a strong research function and will also liaise with the demonstrators, business, policymakers and publics. It is located at the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at the University of Oxford and is backed by seven institutions: University of Oxford, Imperial College London, University of Edinburgh, University of Bristol, University of Leeds, University of Manchester, and University College London.

Scotland’s Net Zero Roadmap (SNZR) will be an important part of our efforts to tackle climate change, by helping Scotland’s industry reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to the target of net-zero emissions by 2045 in Scotland and 2050 in the UK as a whole. SNZR will help industries to find a way to reduce the amount of CO₂ they produce and prevent what can’t be avoided reaching the atmosphere using carbon capture and utilisation or storage (CCUS).

A 2019–2023 research project (SINTEF Energy) focused on BECCS at waste incineration plants across Europe. It assessed the CO₂ removal potential from waste combustion and landfill gas with CCS, and advanced the TRL of capture technologies for this sector (including pilot tests).